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Russian Far East

Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus ©Dubi Shapiro Website

The Russian Far East is also known as the Far Eastern Federal District and is generally considered to consist of the republics of Yakutia and Burhyatia; the autonomous okruga of Chukotka and the ‘Oblasts’ of  Magadan and Amur and the Island of Sakalin and the Kuril Islands as well as the krais of Khabarovsk, Zabaykalski, Kamchatka and Primorsky – all the land east of Siberia. To the east it meets the Bering Sea in the north, the Sea of Okhotsk and in the south the Sea of Japan.

The city of Khabarovsk, with a population of around 590,000 people was the region’s administrative centre, but recently it was replaced by Vladivostok, which is the largest city with over 600,000 residents. Russia’s easternmost city is Anadyr in Chukotka.

This region stretches out along the Pacific Ocean shore for thousands of kilometres. It is situated in an area of contrasting natural phenomena. Almost all of the mountain ridges run parallel to the shore. Earthquakes and tsunamis are very frequent here. The North lowlands are covered by tundra, and larch forests cross it along river valleys. To the south is situated the taiga zone, where larch is the dominant tree species.

Kuril Islands – ©Anatoly Gruzevich, VNIRO Russia, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Birding the Russian Far East

On the rocky shores and islands of the Okhotskoe Sea can be found a lot of rookeries. But the most unusual landscapes is in the southern part of the region. Inside this territory taiga forest gets mixed up with subtropical woods, making for incredible combinations. Spruces are wrapped round by wild grape. Larch forests and lime-tree forests with jasmine in the underbrush can be found just on the same mountainside. Such unusual forests tree species as Manchurian walnut, Cork oak and many others grow here.

On the planes, foothills and river valleys broad-leaved forests consists of poplar, elm, hornbeam, maple and ash-tree. Such forest usually has well-developed underbrush of jasmine and honeysuckle, and a lot of vines such as magnolia-vine, wild grape and tara-vine. Ferns and mosses form continuous cover.

Up on the mountainsides there are mixed coniferous forests of larch, spruce, cedar-pine and fir. Somewhere on the peaks there is a tundra level with cedar-pine elfin woods and lichens. In the big river valleys, it’s possible to find plots of wet meadows with high grass.

Amur River – ©Alexxx1979 CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons

The avifauna of this region is very multifarious. Together with taiga birds you can see here such specialities as Broad-billed Roller, Mandarin Duck, Little Green Heron, Chestnut Bittern, Harlequin Duck, Scaly-sided Merganser, Siberian Spruce Grouse, Hooded Crane, Australian Curlew, Black-tailed Gull, Hodgson’s Hawk Cuckoo, Indian Scops Owl, Ashy Minivet, Bull-headed Shrike, Blue Rock Thrush, Parrotbill, Short-tailed Bush Warbler, Japanese Blue Flycatcher, Eastern Blue Magpie and White-eyes.

The Kamchatka Peninsula is dealt with on a separate page as it tends to be more visited by world birders having coastal access.

The Baikal area (Republic of Buryatia and the krai of Zabaykalski) are also given a separate page by virtu of the nature of the area.

| Baikal | Kamchatka |
Top Sites

  • Chaivo Bay

    Satellite View
    This bay is a part of north-east shore of Sakhalin. It stretches out along the Sea of Okhotsk. Some rivers drain into the bay. There are small islands situated in the north and middle parts of the bay. The main landscapes here are sea-shore, larch forests, scrub, moss tundra and meadows. The most comfortable breeding and migrating sites for waterfowls, waterbirds and predatory birds are the sand banks & spits, lakes and wetlands. Such birds as Osprey, White-tailed Eagle, Steller’s Sea Eagle, Siberian Spruce Grouse, Spotted Greenshank, Red-necked Phalarope, Long-toed Stint, Black-bellied Sandpiper, Aleutian Tern and Little Crake breed here.

  • Komsomolsky Reserve

    InformationSatellite View
    This site is situated on the mountainous left bank of Amur-River in the mouth of Gorin-River. There are mostly coniferous forests here, but they include such broad-leaved trees as elm, ash-tree and corkoak. Close to the rivers grow willows, alders and poplars, and in well-drained places there are broad-leaved forests of elm, Manchurian walnut, Amur oak tree and maple. Falcated Duck, Goosander and Scaly-sided Merganser can be found on the rivers. Bird communities on the islands and floodplain forests are rich in species such as Masked Bunting, Narcissus Flycatcher, White-eye, Ashy Minivet, Mandarin Duck and Chinese Grosbeak. The most interesting birds of coniferous forests are White-throated Thrush, Chinese Meadow Bunting, Pallas’s Warbler, Japanese Waxwing & Siberian Spruce Grouse.

  • Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve

    InformationSatellite View
    The landscapes on the reserve are typical of the far east, which change markedly with altitude. On the shore, where a lot of rocky places Sooty Guillemot & Temminck’s Cormorant, and Blue Rock Thrush can be found. Plain oak forests hold such birds as Black-Throated Oriole, Brown Flycatcher and Masked Bunting. The most wonderful woods are the mixed cedar-broad-leaved ones. Many interesting species of birds live here, for example, Ashy Minivet, White-eye, Hodgson's Hawk Cuckoo, Indian Scops Owl, Short-tailed Bush Warbler and Chinese Grosbeak. The floodplain forest consists mostly of poplars, alders and willows. Here you can find Broad-billed Roller, Eastern Blue Magpie, and also hollow-nesting Ducks, such as Mandarin Duck and Scaly-sided Merganser.

  • Wrangel Island

    InformationSatellite View
    This is an excellent site for anybody who likes northern nature. This island is a kingdom of tundra, stone, lichens and sedge bogs. Only in the middle part of the island is it possible to find willow bushes up to 1m height. There are some rare species here, for example there is a big breeding colony of Snow Goose. It’s easy to observe Brent Goose, Red-throated Diver, Eider and King Eider. Among the waders there are such specialities as Robin Sandpiper, Long-toed Stint, Buff-breasted Sandpiper, Black-bellied Sandpiper and Pectoral Sandpiper. The most common Gulls are Glaucous Gull & Sabine’s Gull. The typical tundra birds, such as Snowy Owl also live here.
Contributors
Number of Species

  • Number of bird species: Chukotka - 291

    (As at June 2026)

  • Number of bird species: Magadan - 208

    (As at June 2026)

  • Number of bird species: Amur - 278

    (As at June 2026)

  • Number of bird species: Khabarovsk Krai - 347

    (As at June 2026)

  • Number of bird species: Primorsky Krai - 403

    (As at June 2026)
Endemics

  • Number of endemics: 2 Breeding endemics

    These breed exclusively in Russia's Far East & Kamchatka: Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata; Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea
Checklist

  • Amur - eBird

    PDF Checklist
    This checklist is generated with data from eBird (ebird.org), a global database of bird sightings from birders like you.

  • Chukotka - Avibase

    PDF Checklist
    This checklist includes all bird species found in Chukotka , based on the best information available at this time. It is based on a wide variety of sources that I collated over many years. I am pleased to offer these checklists as a service to birdwatchers. If you find any error, please do not hesitate to report them.

  • Khabarovsk Krai - eBird

    PDF Checklist
    This checklist is generated with data from eBird (ebird.org), a global database of bird sightings from birders like you.

  • Magadan - eBird

    PDF Checklist
    This checklist is generated with data from eBird (ebird.org), a global database of bird sightings from birders like you.

  • Primorsky Krai - eBird

    PDF Checklist
    This checklist is generated with data from eBird (ebird.org), a global database of bird sightings from birders like you.
Reserves

Abbreviations Key

  • IBA Muraviovka Park

    Facebook PageSatellite View
    Muraviovka Park, situated in Russia's Far East, is Russia's first privately owned and operated park. Dedicated to sustainable land use, Muraviovka exerts itself in the protection of natural areas for both wildlife and people, promoting community support and environmental education. Muraviovka Park certainly does much for local communities and the area's great natural life. Dedicated to the Preservation of endangered Cranes and the promotion of Sustainable Agriculture in harmony with nature - Tambovka District Amurskaya Oblast…

  • NR Komsomolsky Reserve

    InformationSatellite View
    This is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict ecological reserve), encompassing the confluence of the Gorin River and the Amur River in the Russian Far East. The reserve protects a meeting zone of multiple ecoregions in the lower Amur, including the northernmost reach of Manchurian taiga. Located on an important migratory route for birds and waterfowl, the reserve has recorded 233 species of birds.

  • NR Lake Khanka

    InformationSatellite View
    Lake Khanka in the Russian Far East is one of the largest bodies of freshwater in Asia. The wetlands of Lake Khanka, which reaches into China, provide important nesting and stopover areas for hundreds of migratory birds. 334 species have been recorded in the Reserve and its adjacent protected areas. Most of them are classified as endangered species; 49 species have been included in the Russian Red Book and 12 species in the International Red Book. In consideration of the number of bird species and the number of rare species, the Reserve has a leading position (among equally sized reserves) not only in Russia but also within all protected areas in temperate Europe and Asia…

  • NR Sikhote-Alin

    InformationSatellite View
    This is a biosphere reserve in Primorsky Krai. It is an important reserve for the endangered Siberian tiger. Hunting is forbidden.

  • NR Wrangel Island

    InformationSatellite View
    Most of Wrangel Island (which may have been the last place on earth where mammoths survived) and Herald Island, is a federally protected nature sanctuary administered by Russia's Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. During the summer it is visited by many types of birds. Arctic foxes also make their home on the island. Cetaceans such as bowhead whales, gray whales, and belugas can be seen close to shore.
Guides & Tour Operators

  • Rubythroat Birding Tours

    Tour Operator
    This new Rubythroat Birding Tours venture beckons the adventurer birder to the Russian Far East. We will visit the oblasts (provinces) of Ussuriland and Amur in the southeast tip of the largest country on earth, amazing Russia! During this journey we will travel through varied habitats, from vast mixed taiga forests dotted with fresh-water lakes and agricultural lands to mighty Amazon-like rivers and a diverse coastline...
Trip Reports

  • 2017 [06 June] - Jens Gregersen - Anadyr, Chukotka

    PDF Report
    Including breeding bird monitoring in Golden Ridge Mountains at Trevozhnaya Upland Census Area...

  • 2019 [07 July] - Jens Gregersen & Jens Kirkeby - Spoon-billed Sandpiper Survey

    PDF Report
    Beringovskiy, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia

  • 2019 [08 August] - Rod Standing - Wrangel Island and Bering Strait

    PDF Report
    How far east can you go in the Palearctic… Vladivostok? Kamchaktka? Far to the northeast of both is Chukotka, a province even most Russians know little about, one of the remotest regions on earth
Other Links

  • Amur Bird Project

    Website
    The aim of the Amur Bird Project is to study the avifauna along the middle stream of the Amur River – a species-rich and under surveyed area in Far East Russia. We collect data on distribution, ecology and threats of endangered and less-known species. Since that kind of information is lacking for this part of the world, we want to establish a long-term monitoring for both breeding birds and migrants. Our work is based at Muraviovka Park for Sustainable Land Use, a non-governmentally managed nature reserve in the Amur region. We are a small group of volunteer birders, biologists and students, working since 2011 on several projects at Muraviovka Park, hand in hand with the Park's staff.

  • Marine Important Bird Areas of the Russian Far East

    Webpage
    This project is a part of a BirdLife International global programme, whose aim is to organise the network of World Ocean areas that are of primary importance to the conservation of seabirds.

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